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463:20190111將Fedora19 的3.14.27-100Linux核心(32位元)昇級成3.19.8<br><table width=800 border=8><tr><td bgcolor=cyan><p>(1)機器現況</p>
<p>[webadm@localhost ~]$ <span style="background-color: #ffff00;">uname -a</span><br />Linux localhost.localdomain <span style="background-color: #b0bc42;">3.14.27-100.fc19.i686.</span>PAE #1 SMP Wed Dec 17 19:56:19 UTC 2014 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux</p>
<p>(2)下載核心壓縮檔：</p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffff99;">wget https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v3.x/linux-3.19.8.tar.gz</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffff99;">:<br /></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffff99;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">2019-01-11 10:21:52 (721 KB/s) - &lsquo;linux-3.19.8.tar.gz&rsquo; saved [123146642/123146642]</span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffff99;">&nbsp;<span style="background-color: #ffffff;">(3)<span style="background-color: #ffffff;">解開核心&nbsp; </span>#<span style="background-color: #ffff99;"> tar xvzf linux-3.19.8.tar.gz</span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffff99;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">(4)</span>建立符號連結 </span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffff99;">#sudo ln -s /root/linux-3.19.8 /usr/src/linux</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffff99;">(5)用現有的組態為預設值建立核心組態</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffff99;">$ uname -r</span></p>
<p>3.14.27-100.fc19.i686.PAE</p>
<p># cp /boot/config-3.14.27-100.fc19.i686.PAE /home/webadm/linux-3.19.8</p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffff99;">(6a)</span> # make menuconfig 失敗<br />&nbsp; HOSTCC&nbsp; scripts/basic/fixdep<br />/bin/sh: gcc: command not found<br />make[1]: *** [scripts/basic/fixdep] Error 127<br />make: *** [scripts_basic] Error 2</p>
<p>(6b)# yum install gcc</p>
<p>(6c)# make menuconfig 失敗<br />&nbsp; HOSTCC&nbsp; scripts/basic/fixdep<br />&nbsp; HOSTCC&nbsp; scripts/kconfig/mconf.o<br />In file included from scripts/kconfig/mconf.c:23:0:<br />scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/dialog.h:38:20: fatal error: curses.h: No such file or directory<br />&nbsp;#include CURSES_LOC<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ^<br />compilation terminated.<br />make[1]: *** [scripts/kconfig/mconf.o] Error 1<br />make: *** [menuconfig] Error 2</p>
<p>(6d) <span style="background-color: #ffff99;">#<code>yum install&nbsp;ncurses-devel ncurses</code></span></p>
<p>(6e)# make menuconfig 終於成功</p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffff99;">(7) 編譯核心成功</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffff99;">&nbsp;</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffff99;"># make</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffff99;">&nbsp;</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffff99;">:<br /></span></p>
<p>&nbsp;IHEX&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; firmware/yam/9600.bin</p>
<p># date<br />Tue Jan 15 08:45:56 EST 2019</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffff99;"><span style="background-color: #ffff99;">(8)列出剛編譯完成的核心</span></span></p>
<p>[root@localhost linux-3.19.8]#&nbsp; ls arch/x86/boot/bzImage -l<br />-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5668960 Jan 15 08:01 arch/x86/boot/bzImage</p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffff99;"><span style="background-color: #ffff99;">(9)將新編的核心 及 組態檔 及System.map 拷至/boot目錄分別為vmlinuz-3.19.8及config-3.19.8 及 System.map-3.19.8</span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffff99;"><span style="background-color: #ffff99;"># cp arch/x86/boot/bzImage /boot/vmlinuz-3.19.8<br /></span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffff99;"><span style="background-color: #ffff99;"># cp .config /boot/config-3.19.8<br /></span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffff99;"><span style="background-color: #ffff99;"># cp System.map /boot/System.map-3.19.8</span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">(10)安裝新的核心模組至/lib/modules/3.19.8成功</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffff99;"><span style="background-color: #ffff99;"># make modules_install</span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffff99;"># ls -l /lib/modules/total 12drwxr-xr-x&nbsp; 6 root root 4096 Jan&nbsp; 3&nbsp; 2002 3.14.27-100.fc19.i686.PAEdrwxr-xr-x&nbsp; 3 root root 4096 Jan 15 08:56 3.19.8drwxr-xr-x. 6 root root 4096 Dec 29&nbsp; 2015 3.9.5-301.fc19.i686.PAE </span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffff99;">(11)建立initramfs成功</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffff99;"><span style="background-color: #ffff99;">[root@localhost linux-3.19.8]# dracut -v /boot/initramfs-3.19.8.img 3.19.8</span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffff99;"><span style="background-color: #ffff99;">:</span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffff99;"><span style="background-color: #ffff99;">I: Wrote /boot/initramfs-3.19.8.img:I: -rw------- 1 root root 19791005 Jan 15 09:57 /boot/initramfs-3.19.8.img</span></span></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffff99;">(12) # ls /boot -l</span></p>
<p>total 97788-rw-r--r--&nbsp; 1 root root&nbsp; &nbsp;142005 Dec 17&nbsp; 2014 config-3.14.27-100.fc19.i686.PAE-rw-r--r--&nbsp; 1 root root&nbsp; &nbsp;148439 Jan 15 08:48 config-3.19.8-rw-r--r--. 1 root root&nbsp; &nbsp;128562 Jun 11&nbsp; 2013 config-3.9.5-301.fc19.i686.PAEdrwxr-xr-x. 6 root root&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;1024 Jan&nbsp; 3&nbsp; 2002 grub2-rw-------. 1 root root 25530244 Dec 29&nbsp; 2015 initramfs-0-rescue-2607e2e8500f42a1b59e68e1dde968cd.img-rw-------&nbsp; 1 root root&nbsp; 9160930 Jan&nbsp; 3&nbsp; 2002 initramfs-3.14.27-100.fc19.i686.PAE.img-rw-------&nbsp; 1 root root 19791005 Jan 15 09:57 initramfs-3.19.8.img-rw-------. 1 root root 16807019 Dec 29&nbsp; 2015 initramfs-3.9.5-301.fc19.i686.PAE.img-rw-r--r--. 1 root root&nbsp; &nbsp;556897 Jan&nbsp; 3&nbsp; 2002 initrd-plymouth.imgdrwx------. 2 root root&nbsp; &nbsp; 12288 Dec 30&nbsp; 2015 lost+found-rw-------&nbsp; 1 root root&nbsp; 2244508 Dec 17&nbsp; 2014 System.map-3.14.27-100.fc19.i686.PAE-rw-r--r--&nbsp; 1 root root&nbsp; 2348304 Jan 15 08:49 System.map-3.19.8-rw-------. 1 root root&nbsp; 2055042 Jun 11&nbsp; 2013 System.map-3.9.5-301.fc19.i686.PAE-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root&nbsp; 5025072 Dec 29&nbsp; 2015 vmlinuz-0-rescue-2607e2e8500f42a1b59e68e1dde968cd-rwxr-xr-x&nbsp; 1 root root&nbsp; 5471888 Dec 17&nbsp; 2014 vmlinuz-3.14.27-100.fc19.i686.PAE-rw-r--r--&nbsp; 1 root root&nbsp; 5668960 Jan 15 08:48 vmlinuz-3.19.8-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root&nbsp; 5025072 Jun 11&nbsp; 2013 vmlinuz-3.9.5-301.fc19.i686.PAE</p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffff99;">(13)建立核心開機選單，最新編譯者為第1選項(預設選項)</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffff99;"><span style="background-color: #ffff99;">#grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg</span></span></p>
<p>Generating grub.cfg ...Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.19.8Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-3.19.8.imgFound linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.14.27-100.fc19.i686.PAEFound initrd image: /boot/initramfs-3.14.27-100.fc19.i686.PAE.imgFound linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.9.5-301.fc19.i686.PAEFound initrd image: /boot/initramfs-3.9.5-301.fc19.i686.PAE.imgFound linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-0-rescue-2607e2e8500f42a1b59e68e1dde968cdFound initrd image: /boot/initramfs-0-rescue-2607e2e8500f42a1b59e68e1dde968cd.imgdone[root@localhost linux-3.19.8]#</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">(14)遠端重開機查看</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffff99;"><span style="background-color: #ffff99;">#reboot</span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffff99;"><span style="background-color: #ffff99;">(15)新核心運作中，但iptables 的 nat router無法啟用</span></span></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>(16)# 重新make menuconfig勾選啟用netfilter的nat支援</p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffff99;">(17)重編核心</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffff99;"># make</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffff99;">(18) #&nbsp; ls arch/x86/boot/bzImage -l<br />-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5668960 Jan 15 10:35 arch/x86/boot/bzImage<br />[root@localhost linux-3.19.8]# pwd<br />/home/webadm/linux-3.19.8</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffff99;">(19)</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffff99;"># cp arch/x86/boot/bzImage /boot/vmlinuz-3.19.8<br />cp: overwrite &lsquo;/boot/vmlinuz-3.19.8&rsquo;? y<br /></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffff99;">#&nbsp; cp .config /boot/config-3.19.8<br />cp: overwrite &lsquo;/boot/config-3.19.8&rsquo;? y<br /></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffff99;"># cp System.map /boot/System.map-3.19.8<br />cp: overwrite &lsquo;/boot/System.map-3.19.8&rsquo;? y<br /></span></p>
<p>(20)重裝模組ok</p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffff99;">#&nbsp; make modules_install</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffff99;">#&nbsp; ls -l /lib/modules/<br />total 12<br />drwxr-xr-x&nbsp; 6 root root 4096 Jan&nbsp; 3&nbsp; 2002 3.14.27-100.fc19.i686.PAE<br />drwxr-xr-x&nbsp; 3 root root 4096 Jan 15 11:35 3.19.8<br />drwxr-xr-x. 6 root root 4096 Dec 29&nbsp; 2015 3.9.5-301.fc19.i686.PAE<br /></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffff99;">(21)重<span style="background-color: #ffff99;"><span style="background-color: #ffff99;">建initramfs<br />[root@localhost linux]# dracut -v /boot/initramfs-3.19.8.img 3.19.8 --force</span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffff99;"><span style="background-color: #ffff99;"><span style="background-color: #ffff99;">:</span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffff99;"><span style="background-color: #ffff99;"><span style="background-color: #ffff99;">I: Wrote /boot/initramfs-3.19.8.img:<br />I: -rw------- 1 root root 19791125 Jan 15 11:45 /boot/initramfs-3.19.8.img<br /></span></span></span></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffff99;"><span style="background-color: #ffff99;"><span style="background-color: #ffff99;">(22)#&nbsp; ls /boot -l<br />total 97789<br />-rw-r--r--&nbsp; 1 root root&nbsp;&nbsp; 142005 Dec 17&nbsp; 2014 config-3.14.27-100.fc19.i686.PAE<br />-rw-r--r--&nbsp; 1 root root&nbsp;&nbsp; 148499 Jan 15 11:28 config-3.19.8<br />-rw-r--r--. 1 root root&nbsp;&nbsp; 128562 Jun 11&nbsp; 2013 config-3.9.5-301.fc19.i686.PAE<br />drwxr-xr-x. 6 root root&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1024 Jan 15 10:11 grub2<br />-rw-------. 1 root root 25530244 Dec 29&nbsp; 2015 initramfs-0-rescue-2607e2e8500f42a1b59e68e1dde968cd.img<br />-rw-------&nbsp; 1 root root&nbsp; 9160930 Jan&nbsp; 3&nbsp; 2002 initramfs-3.14.27-100.fc19.i686.PAE.img<br />-rw-------&nbsp; 1 root root 19791125 Jan 15 11:45 initramfs-3.19.8.img<br />-rw-------. 1 root root 16807019 Dec 29&nbsp; 2015 initramfs-3.9.5-301.fc19.i686.PAE.img<br />-rw-r--r--. 1 root root&nbsp;&nbsp; 556897 Jan&nbsp; 3&nbsp; 2002 initrd-plymouth.img<br />drwx------. 2 root root&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 12288 Dec 30&nbsp; 2015 lost+found<br />-rw-------&nbsp; 1 root root&nbsp; 2244508 Dec 17&nbsp; 2014 System.map-3.14.27-100.fc19.i686.PAE<br />-rw-r--r--&nbsp; 1 root root&nbsp; 2348304 Jan 15 11:28 System.map-3.19.8<br />-rw-------. 1 root root&nbsp; 2055042 Jun 11&nbsp; 2013 System.map-3.9.5-301.fc19.i686.PAE<br />-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root&nbsp; 5025072 Dec 29&nbsp; 2015 vmlinuz-0-rescue-2607e2e8500f42a1b59e68e1dde968cd<br />-rwxr-xr-x&nbsp; 1 root root&nbsp; 5471888 Dec 17&nbsp; 2014 vmlinuz-3.14.27-100.fc19.i686.PAE<br />-rw-r--r--&nbsp; 1 root root&nbsp; 5668960 Jan 15 11:28 vmlinuz-3.19.8<br />-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root&nbsp; 5025072 Jun 11&nbsp; 2013 vmlinuz-3.9.5-301.fc19.i686.PAE</span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffff99;">(23)grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg<br />Generating grub.cfg ...<br />Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.19.8<br />Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-3.19.8.img<br />Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.14.27-100.fc19.i686.PAE<br />Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-3.14.27-100.fc19.i686.PAE.img<br />Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.9.5-301.fc19.i686.PAE<br />Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-3.9.5-301.fc19.i686.PAE.img<br />Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-0-rescue-2607e2e8500f42a1b59e68e1dde968cd<br />Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-0-rescue-2607e2e8500f42a1b59e68e1dde968cd.img<br />done</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffff99;">(24)reboot</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffff99;">(25)新核心運作中</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffff99;"># uname -a<br />Linux localhost.localdomain 3.19.8 #2 SMP Tue Jan 15 10:33:48 EST 2019 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffff99;"><span style="background-color: #ffff99;">(26)</span># cat /etc/rc.d/rc.local<br />#!/bin/sh<br />iptables -t nat -F<br />echo "1" &gt; /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward<br />modprobe ip_nat_ftp<br />modprobe ip_nat_irc<br />modprobe ip_conntrack_ftp<br />modprobe ip_conntrack_irc<br /><br />iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10.1.1.0/24&nbsp; -j MASQUERADE<br />echo "1" &gt; /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffff99;"><br /></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffff99;">(27)<span style="background-color: #ffff99;">iptables </span>的nat router 運作成功</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffff99;"># iptables -t nat -L<br />Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT)<br />target&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; prot opt source&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; destination<br /><br />Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)<br />target&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; prot opt source&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; destination<br /><br />Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT)<br />target&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; prot opt source&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; destination<br /><br />Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT)<br />target&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; prot opt source&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; destination<br />MASQUERADE&nbsp; all&nbsp; --&nbsp; 10.1.1.0/24&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; anywhere</span></p>
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