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596:20200529在UBuntu Linux 安裝並使用gcc10.1來編寫1個C程式<br><table width=800 border=8><tr><td bgcolor=cyan><p>參考(<a href="https://solarianprogrammer.com/2016/10/07/building-gcc-ubuntu-linux/">https://solarianprogrammer.com/2016/10/07/building-gcc-ubuntu-linux/</a>)</p>
<p>&nbsp;下載</p>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top"><img src="https://bigsearcher.com/icons/compressed.gif" alt="[   ]" /></td>
<td><a href="https://bigsearcher.com/mirrors/gcc/releases/gcc-10.1.0/gcc-10.1.0.tar.gz">gcc-10.1.0.tar.gz</a></td>
<td align="right">2020-05-07 04:14</td>
<td align="right">125M</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>(一）在32位元LINUX</p>
<p>（1）</p>
<p>$ sudo apt update<br />[sudo] password for treehrt: <br />略過:1 http://dl.google.com/linux/earth/deb stable InRelease<br />下載:2 http://dl.google.com/linux/earth/deb stable Release [933 B]<br />下載:3 http://dl.google.com/linux/earth/deb stable Release.gpg [819 B]<br />略過:3 http://dl.google.com/linux/earth/deb stable Release.gpg<br />已有:4 http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial InRelease&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />已有:5 http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates InRelease&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />已有:6 http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-backports InRelease&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />已有:7 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security InRelease&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />已有:8 http://ppa.launchpad.net/ubuntu-toolchain-r/test/ubuntu xenial InRelease<br />已有:9 http://ppa.launchpad.net/ubuntuhandbook1/audacity/ubuntu xenial InRelease<br />正在讀取套件清單... 完成&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />W: GPG 錯誤: http://dl.google.com/linux/earth/deb stable Release: 由於無法取得它們的公鑰，以下簽章無法進行驗證： NO_PUBKEY 78BD65473CB3BD13<br />E: The repository 'http://dl.google.com/linux/earth/deb stable Release' is not signed.<br />N: Updating from such a repository can't be done securely, and is therefore disabled by default.<br />N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.<br />treehrt ~$</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>（2）<code class="language-console"><span class="go">$sudo apt upgrade</span></code><br /><code class="language-console"><span class="go">：</span></code></p>
<p><span class="go">找到 Windows 7 (loader) [於 /dev/sda1]<br />找到 Windows Recovery Environment (loader) [於 /dev/sda2]<br />找到 Windows 7 (loader) [於 /dev/sda3]<br />找到 Fedora release 19 (Schr&ouml;dinger&rsquo;s Cat) [於 /dev/mapper/fedora-root]<br />完成<br />treehrt ~$ </span></p>
<p><span class="go"><br /></span></p>
<p>花很久的時間&hellip;終於昇級完成。</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>（3）</p>
<p><span class="go">&nbsp;sudo apt install build-essential wget m4 flex bison<br />[sudo] password for treehrt: <br />正在讀取套件清單... 完成<br />正在重建相依關係&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />正在讀取狀態資料... 完成<br />bison is already the newest version (2:3.0.4.dfsg-1).<br />build-essential is already the newest version (12.1ubuntu2).<br />flex is already the newest version (2.6.0-11).<br />m4 is already the newest version (1.4.17-5).<br />m4 被設定為手動安裝。<br />wget is already the newest version (1.17.1-1ubuntu1.5).<br />以下套件為自動安裝，並且已經無用：<br />&nbsp; liblilv-0-0 libllvm5.0 libqpdf17 libserd-0-0 libsord-0-0 libsratom-0-0<br />&nbsp; libsuil-0-0 linux-headers-4.4.0-121 linux-headers-4.4.0-121-generic<br />&nbsp; linux-headers-4.4.0-96 linux-headers-4.4.0-96-generic<br />&nbsp; linux-image-4.4.0-121-generic linux-image-4.4.0-96-generic<br />&nbsp; linux-image-extra-4.4.0-121-generic linux-image-extra-4.4.0-96-generic<br />&nbsp; snapd-login-service<br />Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.<br />升級 0 個，新安裝 0 個，移除 0 個，有 0 個未被升級。<br />treehrt ~$ <br /><br /></span></p>
<p><span class="go">(4) </span></p>
<p><span class="go">treehrt ~$ tar xvzf gcc-10.1.0.tar.gz </span></p>
<p><span class="go">treehrt ~$ cd gcc-10.1.0/</span></p>
<p><span class="go">(5)</span></p>
<p><span class="go">treehrt ~/gcc-10.1.0$ contrib/download_prerequisites<br />2020-05-29 21:55:05 URL:http://gcc.gnu.org/pub/gcc/infrastructure/gmp-6.1.0.tar.bz2 [2383840/2383840] -&gt; "./gmp-6.1.0.tar.bz2" [1]<br />2020-05-29 21:55:07 URL:http://gcc.gnu.org/pub/gcc/infrastructure/mpfr-3.1.4.tar.bz2 [1279284/1279284] -&gt; "./mpfr-3.1.4.tar.bz2" [1]<br />2020-05-29 21:55:09 URL:http://gcc.gnu.org/pub/gcc/infrastructure/mpc-1.0.3.tar.gz [669925/669925] -&gt; "./mpc-1.0.3.tar.gz" [1]<br />2020-05-29 21:55:11 URL:http://gcc.gnu.org/pub/gcc/infrastructure/isl-0.18.tar.bz2 [1658291/1658291] -&gt; "./isl-0.18.tar.bz2" [1]<br />gmp-6.1.0.tar.bz2: 正確<br />mpfr-3.1.4.tar.bz2: 正確<br />mpc-1.0.3.tar.gz: 正確<br />isl-0.18.tar.bz2: 正確<br />All prerequisites downloaded successfully.<br />treehrt ~/gcc-10.1.0$ <br /></span></p>
<p><span class="go"><br /></span></p>
<p>(6)</p>
<p>$ mkdir gcc10build<br />treehrt ~$ cd gcc10build/<br />treehrt ~/gcc10build$ uname -a<br />Linux treehrt-BM6AE-BM1AE-BP1AE 4.20.0 #1 SMP Sat Jan 5 13:21:51 CST 2019 i686 i686 i686 GNU/Linux<br />treehrt ~/gcc10build$</p>
<p>(7)</p>
<p>treehrt ~/gcc10build$ ../gcc-10.1.0/configure -v --build=i686-pc-linux-gnu --host=i686-pc-linux-gnu --target=i686-pc-linux-gnu --prefix=/usr/local/gcc-10.1.0 --enable-checking=release --enable-languages=c,c++,fortran --disable-multilib --program-suffix=-10.1</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>(8)</p>
<p>treehrt ~/gcc10build$ lscpu<br />Architecture:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; i686<br />CPU 作業模式：&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 32-bit, 64-bit<br />Byte Order:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Little Endian<br />CPU(s):&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 8<br />On-line CPU(s) list:&nbsp;&nbsp; 0-7<br />每核心執行緒數：2<br />每通訊端核心數：4<br />Socket(s):&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1<br />供應商識別號：&nbsp; GenuineIntel<br />CPU 家族：&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 6<br />型號：&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 60<br />Model name:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-4790 CPU @ 3.60GHz<br />製程：&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3<br />CPU MHz：&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1196.072<br />CPU max MHz:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4000.0000<br />CPU min MHz:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 800.0000<br />BogoMIPS:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 7183.48<br />虛擬：&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; VT-x<br />L1d 快取：&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 32K<br />L1i 快取：&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 32K<br />L2 快取：&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 256K<br />L3 快取：&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 8192K<br />Flags:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts xtopology nonstop_tsc cpuid aperfmperf pni pclmulqdq dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx smx est tm2 ssse3 sdbg fma cx16 xtpr pdcm sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand lahf_lm abm cpuid_fault epb pti ssbd ibrs ibpb stibp tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid ept_ad fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid xsaveopt dtherm ida arat pln pts flush_l1d<br />treehrt ~/gcc10build$</p>
<p>(9)</p>
<p>treehrt ~/gcc10build$ make -j 16</p>
<p>:</p>
<p>libtool: link: ranlib .libs/libgfortran.a<br />libtool: link: rm -fr .libs/libgfortran.lax .libs/libgfortran.lax<br />libtool: link: ( cd ".libs" &amp;&amp; rm -f "libgfortran.la" &amp;&amp; ln -s "../libgfortran.la" "libgfortran.la" )<br />make[3]: Leaving directory '/home/treehrt/gcc10build/i686-pc-linux-gnu/libgfortran'<br />make[2]: Leaving directory '/home/treehrt/gcc10build/i686-pc-linux-gnu/libgfortran'<br />make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/treehrt/gcc10build'<br />treehrt ~/gcc10build$</p>
<p>(10)</p>
<p>treehrt ~/gcc10build$ sudo make install-strip</p>
<p>\:</p>
<p>----------------------------------------------------------------------<br />Libraries have been installed in:<br />&nbsp;&nbsp; /usr/local/gcc-10.1.0/lib<br /><br />If you ever happen to want to link against installed libraries<br />in a given directory, LIBDIR, you must either use libtool, and<br />specify the full pathname of the library, or use the `-LLIBDIR'<br />flag during linking and do at least one of the following:<br />&nbsp;&nbsp; - add LIBDIR to the `LD_LIBRARY_PATH' environment variable<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; during execution<br />&nbsp;&nbsp; - add LIBDIR to the `LD_RUN_PATH' environment variable<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; during linking<br />&nbsp;&nbsp; - use the `-Wl,-rpath -Wl,LIBDIR' linker flag<br />&nbsp;&nbsp; - have your system administrator add LIBDIR to `/etc/ld.so.conf'<br /><br />See any operating system documentation about shared libraries for<br />more information, such as the ld(1) and ld.so(8) manual pages.<br />----------------------------------------------------------------------<br />make[5]: Nothing to be done for 'install-data-am'.<br />make[5]: Leaving directory '/home/treehrt/gcc10build/i686-pc-linux-gnu/libatomic'<br />make[4]: Leaving directory '/home/treehrt/gcc10build/i686-pc-linux-gnu/libatomic'<br />make[3]: Leaving directory '/home/treehrt/gcc10build/i686-pc-linux-gnu/libatomic'<br />make[2]: Leaving directory '/home/treehrt/gcc10build/i686-pc-linux-gnu/libatomic'<br />make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/treehrt/gcc10build'<br />treehrt ~/gcc10build$</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>(11)</p>
<p>treehrt ~/gcc10build$ export export PATH=/usr/local/gcc-10.1.0/bin:$PATH<br />treehrt ~/gcc10build$ export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/gcc-10.1.0/lib64:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>(12)</p>
<p>treehrt ~$ vi t1.c</p>
<p>treehrt ~$ cat t1.c<br />#include &lt;iostream&gt;<br />int main() {<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; std::cout &lt;&lt; [](auto a, auto b) { return a + b; } (5, 6) &lt;&lt; std::endl;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; std::cout &lt;&lt; [](auto a, auto b) { return a + b; } (5.23, 6.45) &lt;&lt; std::endl;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; return 0;<br />}<br />treehrt ~$ g++-10.1 -Wall -pedantic t1.c -o t1<br />treehrt ~$ ./t1<br />11<br />11.68</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>(二）在64位元LINUX</p>
<p>（2-1）</p>
<p>$ gcc -v<br />Using built-in specs.<br />COLLECT_GCC=gcc<br />COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/lto-wrapper<br />Target: x86_64-linux-gnu<br />Configured with: ../src/configure -v --with-pkgversion='Ubuntu 5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.12' --with-bugurl=file:///usr/share/doc/gcc-5/README.Bugs --enable-languages=c,ada,c++,java,go,d,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --prefix=/usr --program-suffix=-5 --enable-shared --enable-linker-build-id --libexecdir=/usr/lib --without-included-gettext --enable-threads=posix --libdir=/usr/lib --enable-nls --with-sysroot=/ --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --with-default-libstdcxx-abi=new --enable-gnu-unique-object --disable-vtable-verify --enable-libmpx --enable-plugin --with-system-zlib --disable-browser-plugin --enable-java-awt=gtk --enable-gtk-cairo --with-java-home=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.5.0-gcj-5-amd64/jre --enable-java-home --with-jvm-root-dir=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.5.0-gcj-5-amd64 --with-jvm-jar-dir=/usr/lib/jvm-exports/java-1.5.0-gcj-5-amd64 --with-arch-directory=amd64 --with-ecj-jar=/usr/share/java/eclipse-ecj.jar --enable-objc-gc --enable-multiarch --disable-werror --with-arch-32=i686 --with-abi=m64 --with-multilib-list=m32,m64,mx32 --enable-multilib --with-tune=generic --enable-checking=release --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --host=x86_64-linux-gnu --target=x86_64-linux-gnu<br />Thread model: posix<br />gcc version 5.4.0 20160609 (Ubuntu 5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.12) <br />treehrt@Jason-System-Product-Name:~$</p>
<p>(2-2)</p>
<p>$ sudo apt update<br />[sudo] password for treehrt: <br />Sorry, try again.<br />[sudo] password for treehrt: <br />Sorry, try again.<br />[sudo] password for treehrt: <br />已有:1 http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb stable InRelease<br />略過:2 http://dl.google.com/linux/earth/deb stable InRelease&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />已有:3 http://dl.google.com/linux/earth/deb stable Release&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />已有:5 http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial InRelease&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />已有:6 http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates InRelease&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />已有:7 http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-backports InRelease&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />已有:8 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security InRelease&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />正在讀取套件清單... 完成&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />正在重建相依關係&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />正在讀取狀態資料... 完成<br />86 packages can be upgraded. Run 'apt list --upgradable' to see them.<br />N: Skipping acquire of configured file 'main/binary-i386/Packages' as repository 'http://dl.google.com/linux/earth/deb stable InRelease' doesn't support architecture 'i386'<br />treehrt@Jason-System-Product-Name:~$</p>
<p>(2-3)<span class="go">treehrt@Jason-System-Product-Name:~$ sudo apt upgrade</span></p>
<p><span class="go">:<br /><br /></span></p>
<p><span class="go">設定 unattended-upgrades (1.1ubuntu1.18.04.7~16.04.6) ...<br />安裝新版的設定檔 /etc/kernel/postinst.d/unattended-upgrades ...<br />安裝新版的設定檔 /etc/pm/sleep.d/10_unattended-upgrades-hibernate ...<br />Replacing config file /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/50unattended-upgrades with new version<br />設定 usb-creator-common (0.3.2ubuntu16.04.2) ...<br />設定 usb-creator-gtk (0.3.2ubuntu16.04.2) ...<br />設定 xdg-desktop-portal (1.0.3-0ubuntu0.0) ...<br />設定 xdg-desktop-portal-gtk (1.0.2-0ubuntu0.0) ...<br />設定 lsb-invalid-mta (9.20160110ubuntu0.2) ...<br />設定 lsb-security (9.20160110ubuntu0.2) ...<br />設定 lsb-core (9.20160110ubuntu0.2) ...<br />設定 python3-distupgrade (1:16.04.30) ...<br />設定 python3-update-manager (1:16.04.17) ...<br />設定 ubuntu-release-upgrader-core (1:16.04.30) ...<br />安裝新版的設定檔 /etc/update-manager/meta-release ...<br />設定 update-manager-core (1:16.04.17) ...<br />設定 ubuntu-release-upgrader-gtk (1:16.04.30) ...<br />設定 update-manager (1:16.04.17) ...<br />Processing triggers for gconf2 (3.2.6-3ubuntu6) ...<br />設定 ubuntu-desktop (1.361.4) ...<br />Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.23-0ubuntu11) ...<br />Processing triggers for shim-signed (1.33.1~16.04.5+15+1533136590.3beb971-0ubuntu1) ...<br />Processing triggers for initramfs-tools (0.122ubuntu8.16) ...<br />update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-4.15.0-101-generic<br />W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/kbl_guc_ver9_14.bin for module i915<br />W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/bxt_guc_ver8_7.bin for module i915<br />Processing triggers for resolvconf (1.78ubuntu7) ...</span></p>
<p><span class="go">(2-4)treehrt@Jason-System-Product-Name:~$ sudo apt install build-essential wget m4 flex bison<br />正在讀取套件清單... 完成<br />正在重建相依關係&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />正在讀取狀態資料... 完成<br />build-essential is already the newest version (12.1ubuntu2).<br />m4 is already the newest version (1.4.17-5).<br />m4 被設定為手動安裝。<br />wget is already the newest version (1.17.1-1ubuntu1.5).<br />以下套件為自動安裝，並且已經無用：<br />&nbsp; linux-headers-4.15.0-45 linux-headers-4.15.0-45-generic linux-headers-4.15.0-65 linux-headers-4.15.0-65-generic linux-headers-4.15.0-66 linux-headers-4.15.0-66-generic linux-headers-4.15.0-72<br />&nbsp; linux-headers-4.15.0-72-generic linux-headers-4.15.0-74 linux-headers-4.15.0-74-generic linux-headers-4.15.0-76 linux-headers-4.15.0-76-generic linux-headers-4.15.0-88 linux-headers-4.15.0-88-generic<br />&nbsp; linux-headers-4.15.0-91 linux-headers-4.15.0-91-generic linux-headers-4.15.0-96 linux-headers-4.15.0-96-generic linux-image-4.15.0-45-generic linux-image-4.15.0-65-generic<br />&nbsp; linux-image-4.15.0-66-generic linux-image-4.15.0-72-generic linux-image-4.15.0-74-generic linux-image-4.15.0-76-generic linux-image-4.15.0-88-generic linux-image-4.15.0-91-generic<br />&nbsp; linux-image-4.15.0-96-generic linux-modules-4.15.0-45-generic linux-modules-4.15.0-65-generic linux-modules-4.15.0-66-generic linux-modules-4.15.0-72-generic linux-modules-4.15.0-74-generic<br />&nbsp; linux-modules-4.15.0-76-generic linux-modules-4.15.0-88-generic linux-modules-4.15.0-91-generic linux-modules-4.15.0-96-generic linux-modules-extra-4.15.0-45-generic<br />&nbsp; linux-modules-extra-4.15.0-65-generic linux-modules-extra-4.15.0-66-generic linux-modules-extra-4.15.0-72-generic linux-modules-extra-4.15.0-74-generic linux-modules-extra-4.15.0-76-generic<br />&nbsp; linux-modules-extra-4.15.0-88-generic linux-modules-extra-4.15.0-91-generic linux-modules-extra-4.15.0-96-generic<br />Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.<br />下列的額外套件將被安裝：<br />&nbsp; libbison-dev libfl-dev<br />建議套件：<br />&nbsp; bison-doc<br />下列【新】套件將會被安裝：<br />&nbsp; bison flex libbison-dev libfl-dev<br />升級 0 個，新安裝 4 個，移除 0 個，有 0 個未被升級。<br />需要下載 900 kB 的套件檔。<br />此操作完成之後，會多佔用 2,692 kB 的磁碟空間。<br />是否繼續進行 [Y/n]？ [Y/n] y</span></p>
<p><span class="go">下載:1 http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libfl-dev amd64 2.6.0-11 [12.5 kB]<br />下載:2 http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 flex amd64 2.6.0-11 [290 kB]<br />下載:3 http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libbison-dev amd64 2:3.0.4.dfsg-1 [338 kB]<br />下載:4 http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 bison amd64 2:3.0.4.dfsg-1 [259 kB]<br />取得 900 kB 用了 0秒 (1,093 kB/s)<br />選取了原先未選的套件 libfl-dev:amd64。<br />（讀取資料庫 ... 目前共安裝了 552232 個檔案和目錄。）<br />準備解開 .../libfl-dev_2.6.0-11_amd64.deb ...<br />解開 libfl-dev:amd64 (2.6.0-11) 中...<br />選取了原先未選的套件 flex。<br />準備解開 .../flex_2.6.0-11_amd64.deb ...<br />解開 flex (2.6.0-11) 中...<br />選取了原先未選的套件 libbison-dev:amd64。<br />準備解開 .../libbison-dev_2%3a3.0.4.dfsg-1_amd64.deb ...<br />解開 libbison-dev:amd64 (2:3.0.4.dfsg-1) 中...<br />選取了原先未選的套件 bison。<br />準備解開 .../bison_2%3a3.0.4.dfsg-1_amd64.deb ...<br />解開 bison (2:3.0.4.dfsg-1) 中...<br />Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.23-0ubuntu11) ...<br />Processing triggers for install-info (6.1.0.dfsg.1-5) ...<br />Processing triggers for doc-base (0.10.7) ...<br />正在處理 1 added doc-base file...<br />Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.5-1) ...<br />設定 libfl-dev:amd64 (2.6.0-11) ...<br />設定 flex (2.6.0-11) ...<br />設定 libbison-dev:amd64 (2:3.0.4.dfsg-1) ...<br />設定 bison (2:3.0.4.dfsg-1) ...<br />update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/bison.yacc to provide /usr/bin/yacc (yacc) in auto mode<br />Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.23-0ubuntu11) ...<br />treehrt@Jason-System-Product-Name:~$ </span></p>
<p><span class="go">（2-5）</span></p>
<p><span class="go">$ wget https://bigsearcher.com/mirrors/gcc/releases/gcc-10.1.0/gcc-10.1.0.tar.gz</span></p>
<p>$ tar xvzf gcc-10.1.0.tar.gz</p>
<p>treehrt@Jason-System-Product-Name:~$ cd gcc-10.1.0/<br />treehrt@Jason-System-Product-Name:~/gcc-10.1.0$ contrib/download_prerequisites</p>
<p>2020-05-31 08:16:05 URL:http://gcc.gnu.org/pub/gcc/infrastructure/gmp-6.1.0.tar.bz2 [2383840/2383840] -&gt; "./gmp-6.1.0.tar.bz2" [1]<br />2020-05-31 08:16:07 URL:http://gcc.gnu.org/pub/gcc/infrastructure/mpfr-3.1.4.tar.bz2 [1279284/1279284] -&gt; "./mpfr-3.1.4.tar.bz2" [1]<br />2020-05-31 08:16:09 URL:http://gcc.gnu.org/pub/gcc/infrastructure/mpc-1.0.3.tar.gz [669925/669925] -&gt; "./mpc-1.0.3.tar.gz" [1]<br />2020-05-31 08:16:12 URL:http://gcc.gnu.org/pub/gcc/infrastructure/isl-0.18.tar.bz2 [1658291/1658291] -&gt; "./isl-0.18.tar.bz2" [1]<br />gmp-6.1.0.tar.bz2: 正確<br />mpfr-3.1.4.tar.bz2: 正確<br />mpc-1.0.3.tar.gz: 正確<br />isl-0.18.tar.bz2: 正確<br />All prerequisites downloaded successfully.<br />treehrt@Jason-System-Product-Name:~/gcc-10.1.0$</p>
<p>（2-6）</p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffff99;">treehrt@Jason-System-Product-Name:~$ mkdir gcc10build<br />treehrt@Jason-System-Product-Name:~$ cd gcc10build/<br />treehrt@Jason-System-Product-Name:~/gcc10build$ ../gcc-10.1.0/configure -v --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --host=x86_64-linux-gnu --target=x86_64-linux-gnu --prefix=/usr/local/gcc-10.1.0 --enable-checking=release --enable-languages=c,c++,fortran --disable-multilib --program-suffix=-10.1</span></p>
<p>：</p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffff99;">configure: creating ./config.status<br />config.status: creating Makefile<br /></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffff99;">（2-7）</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffff99;">treehrt@Jason-System-Product-Name:~/gcc10build$ lscpu<br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Architecture:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; x86_64</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">CPU 作業模式：&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 32-bit, 64-bit</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Byte Order:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Little Endian</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">CPU(s):&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 12</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">On-line CPU(s) list:&nbsp;&nbsp; 0-11</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">每核心執行緒數：2</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">每通訊端核心數：6</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Socket(s):&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">NUMA 節點：&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">供應商識別號：&nbsp; GenuineIntel</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">CPU 家族：&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 6</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">型號：&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 158</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Model name:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8700 CPU @ 3.20GHz</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">製程：&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 10</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">CPU MHz：&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 807.069</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">CPU max MHz:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4600.0000</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">CPU min MHz:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 800.0000</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">BogoMIPS:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 6384.00</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">虛擬：&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; VT-x</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">L1d 快取：&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 32K</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">L1i 快取：&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 32K</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">L2 快取：&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 256K</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">L3 快取：&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 12288K</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">NUMA node0 CPU(s):&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 0-11</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Flags:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc art arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc cpuid aperfmperf tsc_known_freq pni pclmulqdq dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx smx est tm2 ssse3 sdbg fma cx16 xtpr pdcm pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch cpuid_fault epb invpcid_single pti ssbd ibrs ibpb stibp tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 hle avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid rtm mpx rdseed adx smap clflushopt intel_pt xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1 xsaves dtherm ida arat pln pts hwp hwp_notify hwp_act_window hwp_epp md_clear flush_l1d</span><br /></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffff99;">(2-8)<br />treehrt@Jason-System-Product-Name:~/gcc10build$ make -j 24</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffff99;">:</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">eehrt/gcc10build/./gcc/collect-ld" "LIBCFLAGS=-g -O2" "NM=/home/treehrt/gcc10build/./gcc/nm" "PICFLAG=" "RANLIB=x86_64-linux-gnu-ranlib" "DESTDIR=" DO=all multi-do # make<br />make[4]: Leaving directory '/home/treehrt/gcc10build/x86_64-linux-gnu/libsanitizer'<br />make[3]: Leaving directory '/home/treehrt/gcc10build/x86_64-linux-gnu/libsanitizer'<br />make[2]: Leaving directory '/home/treehrt/gcc10build/x86_64-linux-gnu/libsanitizer'<br />make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/treehrt/gcc10build'</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffff99;">(2-9)</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">treehrt@Jason-System-Product-Name:~$ cd gcc10build/<br />treehrt@Jason-System-Product-Name:~/gcc10build$ sudo make install-strip</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffff99;"><span style="background-color: #ffff99;">(2-10)</span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffff99;"><span style="background-color: #ffff99;">treehrt@Jason-System-Product-Name:~/gcc10build$ export export PATH=/usr/local/gcc-10.1.0/bin:$PATH<br />treehrt@Jason-System-Product-Name:~/gcc10build$ export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/gcc-10.1.0/lib64:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH<br />treehrt@Jason-System-Product-Name:~/gcc10build$ gcc-10.1 -v<br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">使用內建 specs。</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">COLLECT_GCC=gcc-10.1</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/local/gcc-10.1.0/libexec/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/10.1.0/lto-wrapper</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">目的：x86_64-linux-gnu</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">配置為：../gcc-10.1.0/configure -v --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --host=x86_64-linux-gnu --target=x86_64-linux-gnu --prefix=/usr/local/gcc-10.1.0 --enable-checking=release --enable-languages=c,c++,fortran --disable-multilib --program-suffix=-10.1</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">執行緒模型：posix</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">支援的 LTO 壓縮演算法：zlib</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">gcc version 10.1.0 (GCC) </span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffff99;"><span style="background-color: #ffff99;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;</span><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">(2-11)</span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffff99;"><span style="background-color: #ffff99;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">$ vi t1.c<br />$ cat t1.c<br />#include &lt;iostream&gt;<br />int main() {<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; std::cout &lt;&lt; [](auto a, auto b) { return a + b; } (5, 6) &lt;&lt; std::endl;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; std::cout &lt;&lt; [](auto a, auto b) { return a + b; } (5.23, 6.45) &lt;&lt; std::endl;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; return 0;<br />}<br /></span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffff99;"><span style="background-color: #ffff99;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">$ g++-10.1 -Wall -pedantic t1.c -o t1<br /></span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffff99;"><span style="background-color: #ffff99;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">$ ./t1<br />11<br />11.68<br /><br /></span></span></span></p></table><br> select id,article_id,topic,text from lt_articles_text where article_id =596; ok.
update lt_articles set num_reads=num_reads +1 where id=596; ok.